efficient transport of larger ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and charged neurotransmitters

such as acetylcholine or with electrical dipoles such as aspartate and glutamate has been

achieved. The efficiency of OIEPs has been tested both in vitro and in vivo [53].

Nervous system/electronic devices interfaces are of greatest interest in the electronic

stimulation and translation systems since they would help in the diagnosis and treatment

of many chronic conditions. Sensory input and processing of all body information, both

external and internal, occur in the brain. Neurons are the basic processing units that

communicate with electrical signals and the flow of ions and neurotransmitters. For ex­

ample, Cea et al. developed an organic electrochemical transistor based on a reversible

redox process in conjunction with an ion-conducting polymer, which allows the fabri­

cation of long-term implants with high biocompatibility for the detection of epileptic

discharges [54].

2.4 Conclusion

Bioelectronics is a developing science that has imposed challenges at the level of materials

science, electronics, and biology, given the need to create tools that allow rapid, pro­

longed, and high-resolution interactions between biotic and abiotic systems, leading to

the development of materials with mixed characteristics between electrical systems and

living systems, such as ion transistors, biosensors, ion pumps, and neural implants. In this

chapter, a detailed description of the different materials that may be used for the man­

ufacture of bioelectronics devices and their classification according to composition and

application, highlighting the new advances, the remains, and the perspectives of each

one, was provided.

Acknowledgments

Lorena Duarte Peña (887494) acknowledges CONACyT for the doctoral scholarship. This

work was supported by Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico,

Universidad nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM) [Grant IN202320] (Mexico).

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Materials and Their Classifications

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